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Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program The Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program, also referred to as the McNair Scholars Program, is a United States Department of Education initiative with a goal of increasing "attainment of PhD degrees by students from underrepresented segments of society,” including first-generation low-income individuals and members from racial and ethnic groups historically underrepresented in graduate programs.〔(Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program: Purpose ).〕 == History == The McNair Program is part of the federal TRIO programs, a group of educational opportunity programs created and governed by the Higher Education Act of 1965 and its subsequent amendments.〔Edward J. McElroy and Maria Armesto, "TRIO and Upward Bound: History, Programs, and Issues—Past, Present, and Future." The Journal of Negro Education 67 (1998), 4.〕 The Act and its programs were part of Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society program and were designed to address the lack of representation of disadvantaged groups in higher education.〔Wikipedia, "Higher Education Act of 1965," (accessed September 6, 2009).〕 The name TRIO comes from the fact that there were originally three programs, but with revisions to the act, TRIO now encompasses over half a dozen programs including Upward Bound, Educational Talent Search, and Student Support Services.〔U.S. Department of Education, A Profile of Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program: 1999–2000, Washington, DC, 2002.〕 Notable alumni of the TRIO programs include Oprah Winfrey, John Quiñones, Angela Bassett, Franklin Chang-Diaz, Jose Hernandez, Donna Brazile, Patrick Ewing, Henry Bonilla, and Viola Davis. The program was named after African American scientist Ronald McNair.〔Wikipedia, "Ronald McNair," (accessed September 6, 2009).〕 In 1986, McNair died aboard the space shuttle Challenger with the rest of his crew when the shuttle started to disintegrate shortly after its launch.〔Wikipedia, "Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster," (accessed September 6, 2009).〕
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